1. INDIA – PAKISTAN RELATIONS UPDATES
September saw India–Pakistan relations remain highly strained, particularly over the Indus Waters Treaty, terrorism and airspace restrictions. However, India also participated in an SCO meeting in Islamabad, providing a limited multilateral channel of official contact.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India participates in SCO coordinators’ meeting in Islamabad:
India sent its SCO National Coordinator, Additional Secretary Alok Dimri, to Islamabad for the SCO Council of National Coordinators meeting held from 28–30 September. This was India's participation in an SCO meeting in Pakistan after a prolonged gap. New Delhi's position remained that bilateral engagement with Pakistan requires a conducive environment free from terrorism, while it would continue to engage with Pakistan through multilateral formats such as the SCO.
2. Pakistan extends restrictions on Indian aircraft:
Pakistan extended its restriction on Indian-registered and Indian-operated/leased aircraft using Pakistani airspace until 24 October 2026. The previous restriction had been due to expire on 24 September. The extension means that the aviation restrictions introduced after the India–Pakistan military confrontation continue to affect bilateral connectivity.
3. Indus Waters Treaty remains a major point of India–Pakistan confrontation:
The Permanent Court of Arbitration's 31 August ruling continued to generate bilateral repercussions in September. Pakistan welcomed the ruling that the Indus Waters Treaty remained in force, while India rejected the Court of Arbitration's jurisdiction and maintained that the ruling had no effect on India's position. The issue remained central to Pakistan's diplomatic messaging, including Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif's remarks at the UN General Assembly.
Overall Situation
September did not produce a bilateral breakthrough. The month combined continued restrictions and disagreements over water and terrorism with a limited reopening of official contact through the SCO framework. The SCO meeting is particularly notable because it demonstrates that India continues to distinguish between bilateral engagement and participation in multilateral institutions.
Bottom line: India–Pakistan relations remained deeply strained in September, with the Indus Waters issue and airspace restrictions continuing, while India's participation in the SCO meeting in Islamabad provided a limited multilateral channel for official interaction.
2. INDIA – CHINA RELATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 marked a significant phase in the gradual stabilisation of India–China relations, led by President Xi Jinping's visit to New Delhi for the BRICS Summit and his bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The two sides also began the month with renewed economic dialogue, while border peace and the unresolved boundary question remained central.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. Xi Jinping visits India and meets Prime Minister Modi:
Chinese President Xi Jinping visited New Delhi on 12 September to attend the 18th BRICS Summit and held a bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The two leaders reviewed the full range of bilateral relations and welcomed the steady progress since their previous meeting. They stressed that peace and tranquillity along the border are essential for continued development of relations, while reaffirming the need to resolve the boundary question through negotiations. They also discussed trade imbalance, market access, supply-chain issues, people-to-people exchanges and greater mobility.
2. India and China step up economic and trade dialogue:
On 1 September, Chinese Ambassador Xu Feihong met Commerce Secretary Rajesh Agrawal in New Delhi. Both sides discussed India–China economic and trade relations, with India stressing the need to deepen practical cooperation and China highlighting the resumption of direct flights, border trade and people-to-people exchanges. The meeting reflected the growing effort to restore economic engagement alongside the broader political stabilisation.
Overall Situation
September represented a significant step in the political normalisation process, particularly because Xi Jinping's visit was the first visit by a Chinese President to India since 2019. However, the meeting did not resolve the boundary dispute; both sides continued to emphasise maintaining peace along the LAC while working on broader economic and diplomatic engagement.
Bottom line: September 2026 marked important high-level India–China diplomatic engagement, with Xi Jinping's New Delhi visit and Modi–Xi meeting giving further momentum to the stabilisation process, while the boundary question and trade imbalances remained unresolved.
3. INDIA – BANGLADESH RELATIONS UPDATE
September 2026 saw India–Bangladesh relations remain politically sensitive, with the proposed visit of Prime Minister Tarique Rahman to India still unresolved and Bangladesh not participating in the BRICS Summit outreach hosted by India. At the same time, both sides continued to signal an interest in maintaining dialogue and practical bilateral engagement.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. Tarique Rahman's India visit remains unresolved amid bilateral differences:
Bangladesh Prime Minister Tarique Rahman did not attend the BRICS Summit in New Delhi on 12–13 September, despite an invitation to the BRICS outreach session. The unresolved issue of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's presence in India and Dhaka's extradition request remained a major point of difficulty in the relationship. India, however, continued to state that it wanted to develop a positive, constructive and forward-looking relationship with Bangladesh.
2. Bangladesh signals desire for a reset in relations with India:
On 13 September, Bangladesh's State Minister for Foreign Affairs Humayun Kabir said Dhaka wanted to “reset” relations with India through bilateral discussions based on mutual interests. The statement came amid efforts to move beyond tensions surrounding the previous political transition and Sheikh Hasina's extradition.
3. Cross-border connectivity begins receiving renewed attention:
Bangladesh and India began discussions on resuming the Maitree, Mitali and Bandhan Express passenger train services, which had remained suspended since the deterioration of bilateral relations. The proposed restoration would represent a practical step towards rebuilding people-to-people connectivity, although the Indian side said on 8 September that it had no confirmed update on the resumption timetable.
Overall Situation
September showed a mixed picture: political differences continued to prevent a full diplomatic reset, particularly around Sheikh Hasina and Tarique Rahman's proposed India visit, but both governments continued to keep channels open and explore practical areas such as connectivity and trade. Bangladesh's call for a reset was an important signal, but it had not yet translated into a major bilateral breakthrough by the end of September.
Bottom line: September 2026 was characterised by continued political friction alongside efforts to rebuild bilateral engagement, with Tarique Rahman's unresolved India visit and Bangladesh's absence from the BRICS outreach session being the month's principal developments.
4. INDIA – AFGANISTAN RELATIONS UPDATE
September 2026 saw India–Afghanistan engagement move further towards institutionalised economic and diplomatic cooperation, while India continued to emphasise humanitarian assistance, development partnership and regional stability. The month also saw India articulate its concerns over Afghanistan's humanitarian situation at the UN.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India–Afghanistan Joint Working Group advances trade and economic cooperation:
The India–Afghanistan Joint Working Group on Trade, Commerce and Investment held its first meeting on 1 September. The two sides discussed trade facilitation, customs cooperation, visa facilities for Afghan traders, banking and financial cooperation, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, energy, investment, tariff concessions and cargo connectivity through ports. They agreed on follow-up measures including customs and data-sharing cooperation, regulatory coordination and improved trade connectivity.
2. India calls for humanitarian and regional stability in Afghanistan:
At the UN Security Council briefing on Afghanistan on 16 September, India's Permanent Representative Harish Parvathaneni reiterated India's long-standing engagement with the Afghan people and expressed concern over the humanitarian situation, including the large-scale return of Afghans from neighbouring countries. India stressed that returns should be voluntary, safe and dignified, while continuing to support humanitarian assistance and development cooperation.
Overall Situation
September reinforced India's gradual shift towards pragmatic, institutionalised engagement with Afghanistan, particularly through trade, connectivity and development cooperation. At the same time, India continued to distinguish its engagement with the Afghan authorities from the question of formal political recognition and maintained a strong humanitarian emphasis. India's September approach was also shaped by Afghanistan's deteriorating relations with Pakistan and the resulting implications for regional security.
Bottom line: September 2026 saw India deepen institutional economic engagement with Afghanistan, while continuing humanitarian and regional-security diplomacy through the UN.
5. INDIA – SRILANKA RELATIONS UPDATE
September 2026 witnessed a significant strengthening of the India–Sri Lanka defence and maritime-security partnership, alongside new cooperation in counter-narcotics, connectivity and science and technology. Rajnath Singh’s September visit was the month's principal development.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. Rajnath Singh visits Sri Lanka and deepens defence cooperation:
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh visited Sri Lanka from 8–10 September, holding discussions with President Anura Kumara Dissanayake and other senior leaders. The talks covered the wider bilateral partnership, with particular emphasis on maritime security, defence cooperation, regional stability and freedom of navigation. Singh stressed the importance of India and Sri Lanka working together to address emerging maritime challenges in the Indian Ocean.
2. India and Sri Lanka strengthen maritime cooperation through naval engagement:
During the visit, INS Udaygiri called at Colombo from 8–11 September for operational turnaround and professional interaction with the Sri Lankan Navy. The visit included technical training, experience-sharing and provision of machinery and equipment spares to the Sri Lankan Navy and Air Force. The engagement reinforced the two countries' maritime-security partnership in the Indian Ocean.
3. India and Sri Lanka intensify cooperation against maritime narcotics trafficking:
The 5th Director-General-level talks between India's Narcotics Control Bureau and Sri Lanka's Police Narcotics Bureau were held in Colombo on 23 September. The two sides exchanged actionable intelligence on trafficking networks and routes, particularly those using maritime routes, and agreed to strengthen institutional coordination in combating illicit narcotics trafficking and organised crime.
Overall Situation
September broadened the India–Sri Lanka security partnership from traditional defence cooperation towards maritime security, freedom of navigation and counter-narcotics cooperation. At the same time, India's development partnership continued through projects such as the Moragahakanda Bridge, housing and the extension of financial assistance for the Nagapattinam–Kankesanthurai passenger ferry service.
Bottom line: September 2026 marked a strong consolidation of India–Sri Lanka strategic and maritime cooperation, with defence, Indian Ocean security and counter-narcotics emerging as the principal themes.
6. INDIA – NEPAL RELATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 saw India–Nepal relations focus on trade, transit and energy cooperation, while India also responded to Nepal's continuing recovery needs following the devastating August floods. The month reflected practical cooperation rather than a major political breakthrough.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India–Nepal trade and transit mechanism meets in New Delhi:
The India–Nepal Inter-Governmental Sub-Committee (IGSC) on Trade, Transit and Cooperation to Control Unauthorised Trade met in New Delhi on 16–17 September. The two sides reviewed bilateral trade and transit issues, including trade facilitation, customs infrastructure and measures to control unauthorised trade. The meeting reaffirmed the importance of institutional mechanisms for managing India's extensive economic and transit relationship with Nepal.
2. India approves additional power exports to Nepal after flood-related damage:
On 14 September, India approved the export of up to 600 MW through the Muzaffarpur–Dhalkebar line and 54 MW through the Tanakpur–Mahendranagar line, for 18 hours a day until 31 December 2026. The decision followed major damage to Nepal's hydropower infrastructure during the August floods and was intended to help meet Nepal's electricity requirements while strengthening bilateral energy cooperation.
Overall Situation
September demonstrated the practical and interdependent nature of India–Nepal relations, particularly in trade, transit and electricity. The additional power exports were especially significant because they showed how bilateral energy cooperation could provide immediate support during a major natural disaster.
Bottom line: September 2026 strengthened India–Nepal trade, transit and energy cooperation, with India's additional electricity supply to Nepal emerging as the month's most significant bilateral development.
7. INDIA – BHUTAN RELATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 witnessed a significant strengthening of the India–Bhutan partnership through External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar's official visit to Bhutan. The visit produced concrete outcomes in digital payments, healthcare, education, energy and development cooperation, while both sides also discussed regional and international issues.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. Jaishankar visits Bhutan and reviews the full bilateral partnership:
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar visited Bhutan from 16–18 September and received a Royal Audience with King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, called on Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay and held talks with Foreign Minister D.N. Dhungyel. The two sides reviewed the entire range of bilateral cooperation, including energy, connectivity, trade, development partnership and people-to-people ties. They also exchanged views on regional and international developments.
2. New India–Bhutan development initiatives launched:
During the visit, India and Bhutan jointly inaugurated several initiatives, including the launch of UPI for Bhutanese in India, handover of 54 electric vehicles to Bhutan, inauguration of the 65-bed Gyaltsuen Jetsun Pema Mother and Child Hospital in Mongar, and transfer of 43 Jersey cows to Bhutan's National Cattle Breeding Centre. These initiatives broaden the bilateral partnership beyond hydropower into digital connectivity, healthcare, clean mobility and agriculture.
3. Education and capacity-building cooperation expanded:
India and Bhutan agreed to double the number of Bhutanese students receiving ICCR scholarships from 30 to 60 and increase Bhutanese seats under the Nalanda University Scholarship Scheme from 30 to 55. They also agreed to renew the Nehru-Wangchuck Scholarship arrangement. The two sides further endorsed activities of the India–Bhutan Foundation for educational, scientific, cultural and technical exchanges.
Overall Situation
September demonstrated the multi-dimensional nature of India–Bhutan relations. While hydropower and energy remain fundamental to the partnership, the latest engagement expanded cooperation into digital payments, healthcare, education, clean mobility and human-capital development. Bhutan also expressed support for India's candidature for a UN Security Council non-permanent seat for 2028–29.
Bottom line: September 2026 marked a substantive consolidation of the India–Bhutan partnership, with Jaishankar's visit producing concrete outcomes across development, digital connectivity, healthcare, education and energy.
8. INDIA – MYANMAR RELATIONS UPDATE
September 2026 saw India–Myanmar engagement continue through parliamentary, agricultural and economic channels, while India reiterated its support for peace and national reconciliation in Myanmar. The month also saw an important diplomatic development with the appointment of a new Myanmar Ambassador to India.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India and Myanmar deepen agricultural and economic cooperation:
On 9 September, Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan met Myanmar's Union Minister for Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Min Naung, in New Delhi. The two sides discussed finalising an MoU on agricultural cooperation, along with opportunities to expand trade in pulses, cotton and dairy products, agricultural education and investment. Myanmar also highlighted opportunities for Indian investment.
2. India reiterates support for peace and reconciliation in Myanmar:
On 2 September, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla received a Myanmar parliamentary delegation visiting India for a capacity-building programme. He reaffirmed India's desire for peace, stability and national reconciliation in Myanmar and India's readiness to remain a partner in strengthening Myanmar's parliamentary institutions.
3. Myanmar appoints a new Ambassador to India:
On 21 September, Myanmar appointed U Aye Min Htwe as its Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to India. The appointment provides a fresh diplomatic channel for bilateral engagement at a time when India continues to balance its security, connectivity and development interests in Myanmar.
Overall Situation
September reflected India's pragmatic multi-track engagement with Myanmar—maintaining political contact while expanding economic and agricultural cooperation and supporting institutional capacity-building. This continued alongside India's broader concerns regarding border security, connectivity and stability in Myanmar. The agricultural engagement was particularly relevant because it links India's Act East objectives with trade and development cooperation.
Bottom line: September 2026 saw continued pragmatic India–Myanmar engagement, with agricultural cooperation, parliamentary diplomacy and renewed diplomatic representation emerging as the month's main developments.
9. INDIA – MALDIVES RELATIONS UPDATES
eptember 2026 saw continued consolidation of India–Maldives economic and development cooperation. The major August decision—the $506.58 million Indian Line of Credit becoming effective—received further attention in September, while the Maldives continued to highlight India-backed infrastructure as an important component of its development partnership with India.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India’s $506.58 million Line of Credit becomes a major development-finance instrument:
The Reserve Bank of India confirmed in September that India's $506.58 million Line of Credit to the Maldives became effective on 27 August, allowing project-level credit agreements to be activated. The development was reported in September and represents a substantial expansion of India's financial support for Maldivian infrastructure and development projects.
2. Greater Malé Connectivity Project strengthens India's development partnership:
Maldivian President Mohamed Muizzu highlighted the Thilamalé Bridge and the Greater Malé Connectivity Project (GMCP) as symbols of the close India–Maldives relationship on 30 August. With the bridge connection between Malé and Vilimalé completed, the project continued to demonstrate India's role in major Maldivian infrastructure development. This is technically an August development, so I would not carry it as a separate September entry unless there is a fresh September implementation milestone.
Overall Situation
September was therefore largely a continuation and implementation phase in India–Maldives relations rather than a month of new diplomatic initiatives. India's development-finance role remained particularly important, while the proposed India–Maldives FTA, negotiated in June–July, continued as the broader framework for expanding economic ties.
Bottom line: September 2026 saw continuity in India's economic and development partnership with the Maldives, with the Line of Credit remaining the principal current development.
10. INDIA – US RELATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 saw India–US relations dominated by trade negotiations and new US measures linked to India's purchase of Russian energy. At the same time, both sides continued cooperation in technology, energy and the G20. The month ended with India preparing for another high-level round of trade discussions in Washington.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India–US Bilateral Trade Agreement moves closer to finalisation:
During September, Indian officials indicated substantial progress towards the India–US Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA). Commerce Secretary Rajesh Agrawal said on 9 September that the agreement was “more or less” finalised, with the two sides working on the framework for preferential market access. On 24 September, Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal said the pact was close to completion, although some issues remained to be resolved before signing. Goyal was scheduled to visit the US from 29 September to 5 October for further discussions with US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer.
2. US sanctions legislation creates a new point of friction over Russian oil:
A new US law signed in September authorised tariffs of up to 100% on imports from countries continuing significant economic engagement with Russia, raising concerns in New Delhi because India remains a major purchaser of Russian crude oil. During their 24 September meeting in New York, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and US Secretary of State Marco Rubio discussed the implications of the legislation. India expressed concerns over the potential impact on its energy security and bilateral economic relationship.
3. India–US cooperation continues in emerging technologies and energy:
At the G20 Innovation Ministers' Meeting in Chapel Hill on 1–2 September, India and the United States discussed strengthening cooperation in semiconductors, artificial intelligence, data centres and technology-led opportunities. India also participated in the G20 Energy Abundance Ministerial Meeting in the US during September, highlighting cooperation on energy security, affordability and reliable energy supplies.
Overall Situation
September presented a mixed picture in India–US relations. Economic engagement moved towards a possible trade agreement, while the US measures concerning Russian energy created a new source of friction. At the same time, cooperation in technology, energy and G20 forums continued, demonstrating that the relationship remained broader than the trade dispute alone.
Bottom line: September 2026 was marked by substantial progress towards an India–US trade agreement alongside new friction over India's Russian oil purchases, while strategic cooperation in technology and energy continued.
11. INDIA – JAPAN RELATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 saw India–Japan relations move from the broad strategic commitments made at the July Annual Summit towards implementation through defence, diplomatic and economic-security cooperation. The most significant development was the first India–Japan air exercise involving Japanese fighter aircraft operating from Indian soil.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. Veer Guardian 2026 marks a new phase in India–Japan air cooperation:
The Veer Guardian 2026 bilateral air exercise was conducted at Jodhpur from 9–22 September. For the first time, Japanese F-2A fighter aircraft operated from Indian soil, alongside Indian Air Force aircraft. The exercise focused on joint mission planning, aerial operations, communication and operational interoperability, adding an important air-power dimension to the existing India–Japan defence relationship.
2. India and Japan advance implementation of July strategic commitments:
On 3 September, Japanese Senior Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs Hiroyuki Namazu met Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri in New Delhi. Both sides agreed to advance initiatives announced during Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's July visit and discussed regional developments, including the situation in South Asia.
3. Japan expands economic and people-to-people engagement in India:
Japan designated September–October 2026 as “Japan Month” in India, with programmes covering trade, investment, culture and human exchanges. Japanese State Minister for Foreign Affairs Ayano Kunimitsu also visited Kolkata in September and discussed strengthening bilateral ties and Japan's economic cooperation projects in India.
Overall Situation
September demonstrated that the India–Japan partnership is increasingly being operationalised across defence, economic security, technology and people-to-people cooperation. The Veer Guardian exercise was particularly significant because Japanese fighter aircraft operating from India represented a new level of practical defence interoperability. This complemented the broader defence-industrial and economic-security commitments announced at the July summit.
Bottom line: September 2026 marked further operationalisation of the India–Japan strategic partnership, with Veer Guardian 2026 emerging as the month's principal development.
12. INDIA – RUSSIA RELATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 was a highly significant month for India–Russia relations, with President Vladimir Putin's visit to New Delhi for the BRICS Summit and his meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi providing the principal bilateral development. Economic and industrial cooperation also received a fresh push through the first INNOPROM India exhibition.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. Modi–Putin meeting during the BRICS Summit:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Russian President Vladimir Putin in New Delhi on 11 September on the margins of the 18th BRICS Summit. The leaders reviewed cooperation in trade and investment, defence, energy, space, skill mobility and people-to-people ties. They also discussed the conflicts in West Asia and the Black Sea region, particularly their implications for maritime trade and the safety of Indian seafarers. Modi reiterated India's position that dialogue and diplomacy are essential for resolving conflicts. Putin invited Modi to Russia for the 24th India–Russia Annual Summit, and Modi accepted the invitation.
2. INNOPROM India strengthens India–Russia industrial and economic cooperation:
Russia's major INNOPROM industrial exhibition was held for the first time in India from 9–11 September. The exhibition provided a platform for expanding cooperation in manufacturing, technology, industrial investment and trade. Modi and Putin visited the exhibition together and highlighted its importance in strengthening bilateral industrial ties.
Overall Situation
September reinforced the breadth and resilience of the India–Russia Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership. The relationship continued to extend beyond traditional defence and energy ties into industrial cooperation, space, technology and skilled mobility. At the same time, India continued to maintain its diplomatic position that the Ukraine and other regional conflicts should be addressed through dialogue and diplomacy.
Bottom line: September 2026 saw high-level consolidation of India–Russia relations, led by the Modi–Putin meeting and the first INNOPROM India exhibition, while cooperation continued across economic, energy, defence and technological domains.
13. INDIA – ISRAEL RELATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 was relatively quiet in terms of new India–Israel bilateral agreements. The relationship continued to be shaped by the Special Strategic Partnership established earlier in the year, while West Asian developments remained an important backdrop to bilateral engagement.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India reaffirms continuity in the Special Strategic Partnership:
On 12 September, Prime Minister Narendra Modi conveyed Rosh Hashanah greetings to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, the people of Israel and Jewish communities worldwide. While largely ceremonial, the message reaffirmed the continuing high-level political engagement between the two countries following the elevation of bilateral ties to a Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity in February.
2. West Asian developments remain an important context for India–Israel engagement:
The India–Israel relationship continued to operate against a rapidly evolving West Asian security environment. The Modi–Netanyahu telephone conversation in August had already covered developments in West Asia, and September saw India separately engage major regional actors, including Iran, while reiterating its emphasis on dialogue, diplomacy, maritime security and protection of seafarers. This demonstrates the broader regional context in which India's relations with Israel are being managed.
Overall Situation
September did not produce a major new India–Israel agreement or institutional breakthrough comparable to the February elevation of the relationship or the July FTA negotiations. The bilateral relationship remained strategically important, but India's September foreign-policy activity in West Asia was more prominently focused on the wider regional crisis and engagement with multiple regional partners.
Bottom line: September 2026 was largely a continuity month for India–Israel relations, with no major new bilateral breakthrough; the wider West Asian security environment remained the principal strategic context.
14. INDIA – EUROPEAN UNION RELATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 marked an important transition in India–EU relations, with the European Commission formally moving the India–EU Free Trade Agreement towards signature and conclusion. At the bilateral level, India also strengthened engagement with Belgium, France and Germany in trade, defence, technology and strategic affairs.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. European Commission moves India–EU FTA towards formal conclusion:
On 11 September, the European Commission presented proposals to the EU Council seeking authorisation for the signature and conclusion of the India–EU Free Trade Agreement. The negotiations had been concluded in January 2026, and September's decision marked the transition from negotiation to the EU's formal approval process. The agreement still requires the necessary EU procedures, including Council action, signature and European Parliament consent, as well as India's internal procedures, before entering into force.
2. India–Belgium ties receive a major economic and strategic push:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Belgian Prime Minister Bart De Wever on 3 September. The two sides agreed to strengthen cooperation in trade, defence, clean energy, critical minerals, semiconductors, research and talent mobility and established an Investment Fast-Track Mechanism to facilitate Belgian investment in India. They also set an objective of doubling bilateral trade over the next five years.
3. India–France deepen strategic and maritime cooperation:
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar met French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot on 21 September on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly. The ministers discussed the India–France Special Global Strategic Partnership, including defence, new technologies and higher education, and reaffirmed cooperation on UN Security Council reform. They also discussed freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb. Separately, the Indian Navy's INS Trishul arrived at Toulon on 22 September to participate in the India–France bilateral naval exercise Varuna.
4. India–Germany strategic partnership continues to expand:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and German Chancellor Friedrich Merz spoke on 10 September as India and Germany marked 75 years of diplomatic relations. They reviewed progress in the Strategic Partnership and reaffirmed cooperation in trade and investment, advanced technologies, clean energy, defence, education and talent mobility, while also discussing regional and global developments.
Overall Situation
September represented a significant shift from negotiating the India–EU relationship to implementing and institutionalising it. The FTA's movement into the formal EU approval process was the principal development, while bilateral engagement with Belgium, France and Germany demonstrated the increasingly broad European dimensions of India's economic, technological, defence and strategic partnerships.
Bottom line: September 2026 was an important month for India–EU relations, led by the EU's formal move towards signing and concluding the FTA, alongside deeper strategic engagement with key member states.
15. INDIA’S RELATIONS WITH AFRICAN NATIONS UPDATE
September 2026 witnessed a significant strengthening of India–Africa engagement, particularly through the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi. India held high-level discussions with South Africa, Nigeria, Uganda, Ethiopia and Burundi/African Union, while defence cooperation with Ethiopia and South Africa also advanced.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India–Africa engagement deepens through BRICS Summit:
The 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi provided a major platform for India's engagement with African partners. Prime Minister Narendra Modi met the Presidents/Heads of delegation of South Africa, Ethiopia and Burundi/African Union, as well as the Vice Presidents of Nigeria and Uganda. The discussions covered trade, investment, defence, energy, healthcare, technology, capacity building, critical minerals and cooperation in the Global South.
2. India–South Africa strategic partnership gains new focus:
During the 13 September meeting with President Cyril Ramaphosa, India and South Africa reviewed their strategic partnership, with discussions covering trade, critical minerals, infrastructure, food security and digital technologies. The two sides also discussed the proposed India–SACU trade agreement and cooperation in multilateral forums.
3. India–Ethiopia defence cooperation expands:
The second India–Ethiopia Joint Defence Cooperation meeting was held in Addis Ababa on 28 September. The two sides discussed military training, exercises, medical cooperation, peacekeeping and defence industries, and agreed to expand personnel exchanges, delegation visits and possibilities for joint defence production. This follows the elevation of India–Ethiopia relations to a Strategic Partnership in December 2025.
4. India–Nigeria partnership expands across strategic sectors:
At the BRICS Summit on 13 September, Prime Minister Modi and Nigerian Vice President Kashim Shettima reviewed cooperation in trade and investment, defence and security, energy, agriculture, health and digital technologies, while reaffirming the India–Nigeria Strategic Partnership and coordination on Global South issues.
5. India–Uganda cooperation focuses on technology and development partnership:
Prime Minister Modi and Ugandan Vice President Jessica Alupo discussed technology partnerships, capacity building, knowledge sharing, investment facilitation and private-sector cooperation. Both sides also stressed closer engagement to strengthen the voice of the Global South.
6. India–African Union engagement and 4th India–Africa Forum Summit:
Prime Minister Modi met Évariste Ndayishimiye, President of Burundi and Chairperson of the African Union, on 13 September. The two sides discussed the India–African Union partnership and the early convening of the 4th India–Africa Forum Summit (IAFS-IV). India also highlighted its support to Africa CDC during the Ebola outbreak.
Overall Situation
September marked a high-intensity month for India's Africa diplomacy, with the BRICS Summit bringing several African leaders to New Delhi. The focus increasingly extended beyond traditional development assistance towards critical minerals, defence, digital technologies, energy, trade and Global South coordination. The Ethiopia defence meeting at the end of the month added an institutional dimension to this engagement.
Bottom line: September 2026 strengthened India's engagement with Africa at both bilateral and continental levels, with the BRICS Summit serving as the principal diplomatic platform and defence, critical minerals, trade and development partnership emerging as important areas of cooperation.
16. INDIA’S RELATIONS WITH LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 saw a significant push to deepen India's economic engagement with Latin America, led by the expansion of the India–MERCOSUR trade agreement and the strengthening of the wider India–CELAC partnership. The BRICS Summit also provided an important platform for India's engagement with Brazil.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India–MERCOSUR negotiations launched to expand the trade agreement:
On 14 September, India and MERCOSUR formally launched negotiations to expand the existing India–MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA). The expanded agreement is intended to cover additional areas of mutual interest and deepen economic relations, with the two sides working on the Terms of Reference defining its scope and structure. On the same day, India and MERCOSUR also signed the First Additional Protocol for acceptance of electronic Certificates of Origin, facilitating paperless trade and modernising customs procedures.
2. India–CELAC partnership gains institutional momentum:
On 22 September, EAM S. Jaishankar co-chaired the India–CELAC Foreign Ministers' Meeting in New York. The two sides noted that India–CELAC bilateral trade had reached $50 billion in 2025–26 and agreed to strengthen cooperation in trade, climate action, renewable energy, digital transformation, health, food security, critical minerals, infrastructure, space, agriculture, HADR and capacity building. They also agreed to work towards an institutional mechanism for periodic review of India–CELAC engagement.
3. India–Brazil engagement through BRICS:
The 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi on 12–13 September provided a major platform for India–Brazil engagement. Brazil's participation also reinforced cooperation between the two major Global South economies within BRICS. The New Delhi Declaration reaffirmed BRICS cooperation on economic and financial issues, development and multilateral reform, while specifically highlighting Latin America and the Caribbean as a zone of peace.
Overall Situation
September showed India's Latin America policy moving beyond individual bilateral relationships towards regional and bloc-level economic diplomacy. The MERCOSUR expansion negotiations are particularly important because they could broaden India's preferential trade access across Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, while the India–CELAC meeting provides a wider political and economic framework.
Bottom line: MERCOSUR expansion + India–CELAC institutionalisation are the two developments that should form the core of September's coverage.
17. INDIA – WEST ASIA RELATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 witnessed intense Indian diplomatic engagement with West Asia, particularly with Iran and the UAE, against the backdrop of continuing regional conflict and disruption around the Strait of Hormuz. India focused on freedom of navigation, maritime commerce, energy security and the safety of Indian seafarers, while simultaneously strengthening strategic ties with Gulf partners.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India–Iran talks focus on regional stability and Strait of Hormuz:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian on 11 September ahead of the BRICS Summit in New Delhi. Discussions covered bilateral relations and developments in West Asia. India stressed the need for dialogue and diplomacy, freedom of navigation and commerce through the Strait of Hormuz, and the safety and well-being of seafarers.
2. India–UAE strategic partnership deepened amid West Asian tensions:
On 12 September, Prime Minister Modi met Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan on the sidelines of the BRICS Summit. The two sides discussed cooperation in defence, AI, space, critical minerals, energy, food security and connectivity, while noting an $11.5 billion UAE investment in an integrated aluminium project in Odisha.
3. India and UAE coordinate on regional peace and stability:
On 18 September, Modi spoke by telephone with UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The leaders discussed further cooperation in energy, defence, technology, investment and health, and exchanged views on developments in West Asia, reaffirming cooperation to promote regional peace, security and stability.
4. Maritime security and Indian seafarers become a major West Asia concern:
The continuing conflict and disruptions around the Strait of Hormuz and wider Gulf maritime routes created direct concerns for Indian commercial shipping and seafarers. India reiterated the importance of protecting international shipping, energy flows and seafarers. At the UN General Assembly, EAM S. Jaishankar also highlighted attacks affecting Indian sailors and called for protection of international maritime routes.
Overall Situation
September highlighted India's effort to maintain balanced engagement with Iran and the Gulf countries while protecting its core interests in energy security, maritime connectivity, trade and the welfare of its large overseas community. The Strait of Hormuz remained particularly important because disruptions affect India's energy imports and commercial shipping.
Bottom line: September 2026 saw India intensify its West Asia diplomacy around Iran, the UAE, maritime security and the Strait of Hormuz, with regional stability, freedom of navigation, energy security and protection of Indian seafarers emerging as central concerns.
18. NAM UPDATES
September 2026 witnessed an important commemorative milestone for the Non-Aligned Movement, with the 65th anniversary of the first NAM Conference being marked in Belgrade on 1 September. India used the occasion to reaffirm its commitment to NAM principles while calling for the Movement to remain relevant to contemporary global challenges.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India participates in 65th anniversary of the first NAM Conference:
Union Minister Kiren Rijiju led India's delegation to the High-Level Commemorative Meeting in Belgrade on 1 September, marking 65 years since the first NAM Conference. In India's national statement, India reaffirmed its commitment to NAM principles and called for greater cooperation on reformed multilateralism, UN Security Council and international financial institution reform, maritime security, freedom of navigation, counter-terrorism and global commerce. India also stressed the need to revitalise NAM so that it remains relevant to contemporary international challenges.
Overall Situation
The September commemorative meeting provided an opportunity for NAM members to reaffirm sovereignty, sovereign equality, international law, multilateralism and dialogue amid current geopolitical tensions. For India, the meeting also demonstrated continued engagement with NAM while linking its traditional principles to contemporary issues such as maritime security and reform of global institutions.
Bottom line: The 65th anniversary commemorative meeting in Belgrade was the principal NAM development in September 2026, with India reaffirming its commitment to NAM while advocating its revitalisation and greater relevance to contemporary global governance
19. SAARC UPDATES
September 2026 saw continued technical-level activity within SAARC, but no breakthrough on the revival of high-level political mechanisms or the postponed SAARC Summit. Nepal continued to explore ways to restart ministerial-level engagement, while SAARC bodies maintained sectoral cooperation.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. Nepal explores revival of SAARC ministerial-level engagement:
Nepal, the current SAARC Chair, explored the possibility of convening a SAARC Council of Ministers meeting on the margins of the UN General Assembly in New York. However, the initiative remained under consideration amid the continuing India–Pakistan political differences that have prevented the 19th SAARC Summit from being convened since 2016.
2. SAARC continues technical and sectoral cooperation:
The SAARC Secretariat continued regional activities during September, including a high-level event on ending child, early and forced marriage on 23 September and participation in regional investment discussions. The SAARC Energy Centre also conducted a September webinar on transmission and distribution networks for renewable-energy integration.
3. South Asian parliamentary dialogue highlights regional cooperation:
A South Asian Parliamentary Dialogue on Environment, Climate and Sustainable Development held in Bhutan on 5–6 September brought together lawmakers from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Bangladesh. Participants called for stronger regional mechanisms on climate cooperation, electricity connectivity and cross-border disaster-warning systems.
Overall Situation
SAARC remained institutionally active but politically constrained in September. Technical and sectoral cooperation continued, while the possibility of restarting ministerial-level engagement indicated some effort towards keeping the organisation functional. However, there was no agreement to convene the 19th SAARC Summit.
Bottom line: September 2026 saw continued technical-level SAARC cooperation and renewed discussion on reviving ministerial engagement, but the organisation's high-level political deadlock remained unresolved.
20. INDIA RELATIONS WITH REGIONAL GROUPINGS OF ASIA UPDATES
September 2026 was an active month for India’s engagement with Asian regional institutions, with the SCO, ASEAN, East Asia Summit and BIMSTEC providing important platforms for regional economic, security and connectivity cooperation.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India participates in the 26th SCO Summit:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the 26th SCO Summit in Bishkek on 1 September. India emphasised the importance of combating terrorism, strengthening connectivity and supply chains, expanding cooperation among SCO members and ensuring that regional institutions remain effective in addressing contemporary challenges. India also stressed that connectivity initiatives should respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states.
2. India–ASEAN cooperation advances in agriculture and trade:
The 9th ASEAN–India Ministerial Meeting on Agriculture and Forestry was held in New Delhi on 9 September, focusing on climate-resilient agriculture, digital technologies, food security and resilient supply chains. Later, India participated in the 23rd ASEAN–India Economic Ministers Consultation in Manila on 24 September, where bilateral trade was noted at US$128.38 billion in 2025–26.
3. India strengthens engagement with the East Asia Summit:
India participated in the 14th East Asia Summit Economic Ministers’ Meeting in Manila on 24 September alongside ASEAN and other EAS partners. Discussions covered regional and global economic developments, reinforcing India's engagement with the wider Indo-Pacific economic architecture.
4. BIMSTEC advances sectoral cooperation:
BIMSTEC saw several India-hosted activities in September. The BIMSTEC Energy Centre conducted a five-day programme on emerging power-sector technologies from 14–18 September, involving all seven member states. A BIMSTEC conference on traditional medicine, genetic resources and intellectual property rights also concluded in Goa on 17 September, with members agreeing on cooperation in policy, standards, trade, documentation and capacity building.
Overall Situation
India's September engagement shows a multi-layered regional strategy: SCO for Eurasian security and connectivity, ASEAN/EAS for the Indo-Pacific, and BIMSTEC for India's immediate neighbourhood and Bay of Bengal cooperation. The emphasis remained on economic integration, connectivity, technology, energy, food security and regional stability.
Bottom line: September 2026 saw sustained Indian engagement with the SCO, ASEAN, East Asia Summit and BIMSTEC, with regional connectivity, economic cooperation, energy, technology and security emerging as the principal areas of focus.
21. INDIA’S RELATIONS WITH GLOBAL SOUTH UPDATES
September 2026 was an important month for India's Global South diplomacy, with the New Delhi BRICS Summit placing inclusive global governance, greater representation for developing countries and South–South cooperation at the centre of India's international engagement.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India places Global South representation at the centre of BRICS agenda:
At the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi on 12–13 September, Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired a session on “Inclusive Global Governance and Strengthening Multilateralism” and argued for greater representation of the Global South in global institutions, including the UN Security Council. He called for developing countries to move from being rule-takers to rule-shapers and proposed greater capacity-building for diplomats and policymakers from the Global South.
2. BRICS New Delhi Declaration emphasises the Global South:
The New Delhi Declaration identified the Global South as an important driver of positive change and called for greater cooperation among emerging and developing economies to promote a more representative and equitable international order. It linked Global South cooperation with challenges including geopolitical tensions, climate change, technological transformation, protectionism and sustainable development.
3. India advances South–South cooperation in dryland agriculture:
The Global Dryland Congress 2026, held in New Delhi from 10–12 September, focused on South–South and triangular cooperation in dryland agriculture. The meeting concluded with the Delhi Declaration on Drylands, calling for cooperation in knowledge exchange, innovation, science and resilient agri-food systems across the Global South.
Overall Situation
September reinforced India's attempt to position itself as a platform and partner for developing countries, combining political advocacy for reform of global institutions with practical South–South cooperation in areas such as agriculture, technology, capacity building and development.
Bottom line: September 2026 strengthened India's Global South diplomacy, with the New Delhi BRICS Summit and its emphasis on inclusive global governance emerging as the principal development, complemented by practical South–South cooperation in areas such as sustainable agriculture.
22. INDIA – UN RELATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 was an important month for India–UN engagement, centred on UNGA 81, reform of multilateral institutions, UNSC reform and India's contribution to UN peacekeeping. India's engagement also received attention during UN Secretary-General António Guterres' visit to New Delhi for the BRICS Summit.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India and UN Secretary-General discuss reform of multilateral institutions:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi met UN Secretary-General António Guterres on 11 September during the BRICS Summit in New Delhi. The two discussed the need for multilateral institutions, including the UN Security Council, to reflect contemporary geopolitical realities, alongside ongoing conflicts, freedom of navigation, sustainable development, human-centric AI, renewable energy and global food security.
2. India reiterates UNSC reform at UNGA 81:
During the 81st UN General Assembly, India continued to press for reform of the UN system and greater representation for developing countries. The issue of a more representative and effective Security Council remained closely linked to India's broader Global South diplomacy and its long-standing demand for permanent representation.
3. Indian peacekeepers contribute to UNISFA mission in Abyei:
Indian personnel serving with the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) were involved in efforts to protect civilians and restore calm following deadly violence at Amiet Market on 15 September. The UN reported that India was contributing 4,254 uniformed personnel to UN peacekeeping operations as of June 2026, underlining India's continuing role as a major troop contributor.
4. India highlights development and global health cooperation at UNGA 81:
India used UNGA 81 to showcase its experience in universal health coverage, digital health and disease-control programmes. At global health events held alongside the Assembly, India highlighted Ayushman Arogya Mandirs, AB-PMJAY and e-Sanjeevani, while joining the OneSCD global partnership on equitable sickle-cell care.
Overall Situation
September reinforced India's engagement with the UN across three principal dimensions: institutional reform, peacekeeping and development cooperation. The UN Secretary-General's discussions with India during the BRICS Summit also connected India's Global South agenda with the wider debate on reforming multilateral institutions.
Bottom line: September 2026 saw India strengthen its engagement with the United Nations through UNGA 81, advocacy for multilateral and UNSC reform, continued peacekeeping contributions and development-oriented cooperation.
23. INDIA – WTO UPDATES
September 2026 saw India take an active position on WTO reform and the future of the multilateral trading system, while India's agricultural support policies also came under scrutiny within the WTO's Committee on Agriculture.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India submits proposal on WTO reform and plurilateral agreements:
On 16 September, India submitted a formal paper to the WTO titled “WTO Reform – Guiding principles for plurilateral initiatives and agreements at the WTO.” India set out principles concerning the treatment of plurilateral initiatives, including the importance of consensus-based decision-making, inclusiveness, transparency and preserving the interests and policy space of developing countries. The proposal forms part of the wider WTO debate on reforming the organisation after MC14.
2. India's sugar support policies questioned at WTO:
At the WTO Committee on Agriculture meeting on 24–25 September, members discussed Australia's counter-notification concerning India's support policies for sugar. The issue forms part of the WTO's continuing scrutiny of India's agricultural support measures and their compatibility with its WTO commitments.
Overall Situation
September highlighted two important dimensions of India's WTO engagement: defending a development-oriented, consensus-based multilateral trading system while seeking reform of WTO processes, and continuing to defend India's agricultural policy space amid scrutiny from other members.
Bottom line: September 2026 was significant for India–WTO relations, particularly because India formally advanced its position on WTO reform and plurilateral agreements, while its agricultural support policies remained subject to discussion within the WTO.
24. INDIA’S RELATIONS WITH OTHER MAJOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS UPDATES
September 2026 saw meaningful engagement between India and major international organisations, particularly the IMF, World Bank, ADB and ILO. The strongest India-specific developments concerned economic policy dialogue, development finance and South–South social-development cooperation.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. IMF Deputy Managing Director visits India:
IMF Deputy Managing Director Nigel Clarke visited India from 7–11 September, holding discussions with Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra, NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Ashok Kumar Lahiri and other stakeholders. Discussions covered India's economic outlook, the global economic environment and policy priorities for sustainable and inclusive growth. The IMF described India as an important driver of global growth.
2. World Bank highlights gender barriers in India's trade:
On 8 September, the World Bank released a study on gender gaps in trade facilitation in India, examining barriers affecting women's participation in cross-border trade and trade-related services. The study contributes to the wider India–World Bank development-policy dialogue on gender and economic participation.
3. ADB expands cooperation on India's renewable-energy transition:
On 7 September, the Asian Development Bank signed its first transaction advisory services agreement in India with the Government of Madhya Pradesh to support three renewable-energy projects through public-private partnerships. The projects could attract up to $1 billion in private investment, including solar generation and battery energy storage.
4. India participates in ILO Global Coalition for Social Justice:
India's Labour and Employment Minister Mansukh Mandaviya participated in the ILO's 2026 Annual Forum of the Global Coalition for Social Justice on 16–17 September. The forum focused on translating international commitments into action on decent work and social justice. The ILO also highlighted projects in India, Nepal and Pakistan that have helped informal workers gain access to formal employment and social protection.
Overall Situation
India's engagement with major international organisations during September combined macroeconomic policy dialogue, development finance, renewable-energy investment and social-justice cooperation. The IMF and ADB engagements were particularly concrete, while the World Bank and ILO engagements added development-policy dimensions.
Bottom line: September 2026 saw India deepen engagement with the IMF, World Bank, ADB and ILO, with economic policy, renewable-energy investment, trade participation and social protection emerging as key areas of cooperation.
25. INDIA’S NUCLEAR ENGAGEMENT AND POLICY UPDATES
September 2026 saw India continue its nuclear expansion and international cooperation, with the India–France civil nuclear partnership receiving renewed attention and India maintaining its broader emphasis on nuclear energy security, indigenous technology and peaceful uses of nuclear technology.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India–France advance cooperation on EPR nuclear technology:
On 25 September, India's Ministry of Power and France's EDF reviewed cooperation on the proposed deployment of EPR nuclear reactors in India. Discussions covered EPR technology, India's regulatory reforms for the nuclear sector and localisation of the nuclear supply chain. The engagement forms part of India's strategy to combine indigenous nuclear capacity with international advanced reactor technology.
2. India continues emphasis on nuclear energy expansion and self-reliance:
India's ongoing Nuclear Energy Mission targets 100 GW of nuclear power capacity by 2047, supported by indigenous PHWRs, advanced reactors and SMR development. The three-stage nuclear programme remains central to India's longer-term strategy of reducing dependence on imported fuel and utilising domestic uranium and thorium resources.
3. Nuclear safety and peaceful applications remain part of India's international engagement:
India continued its engagement with the IAEA framework on the peaceful and safe use of nuclear technology, including nuclear safety and security cooperation. The IAEA's September updates also recorded India's continued participation in international nuclear-safety processes.
Overall Situation
India's September nuclear policy combined domestic capacity expansion with international technology partnerships, particularly with France. At the international level, India's approach continued to emphasise peaceful nuclear applications, energy security, non-proliferation commitments applicable to its safeguarded civilian facilities, and technological self-reliance.
Bottom line: September 2026 saw India advance its nuclear engagement through renewed India–France cooperation on EPR technology, while continuing its broader strategy of expanding nuclear capacity, strengthening domestic capabilities and supporting the peaceful uses of nuclear technology.
26. INDIAN DIASPORA UPDATES
September 2026 saw continued official outreach to Indian communities overseas, particularly through ministerial-level interactions in Sri Lanka, the United States and Japan. The engagements focused mainly on people-to-people ties, cultural connections and the diaspora's role in strengthening India's external relationships.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. Defence Minister interacts with Indian diaspora in Sri Lanka:
During his visit to Sri Lanka on 8 September, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh interacted with the Indian diaspora in Colombo. He highlighted the long-standing cultural and civilisational connections between India and Sri Lanka and described these people-to-people ties as an important foundation for the bilateral relationship.
2. Indian diaspora engagement in Houston:
On 13 September, Union Minister Manohar Lal interacted with the Indian diaspora in Houston during his visit to the United States for the G20 Energy Abundance Ministerial Meeting. He participated in a Hindi Diwas programme and a community reception involving professionals, entrepreneurs, students and cultural organisations.
3. Official outreach to Indian diaspora in Japan:
On 20 September, Union Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya led an interaction with the Indian diaspora in Nagoya alongside the Asian Games. The event brought together members of the Indian community to support the Indian contingent and was presented as an initiative to strengthen people-to-people connections through sport.
Overall Situation
September's diaspora engagement was primarily people-to-people and community-oriented, rather than involving a major new diaspora policy initiative. Ministerial interactions in Sri Lanka, the US and Japan provided platforms to reinforce cultural links and the diaspora's contribution to India's bilateral relationships.
Bottom line: September 2026 witnessed continued official outreach to the Indian diaspora through ministerial-level community engagements in Sri Lanka, the United States and Japan, reinforcing people-to-people ties and India's wider external partnerships.
27. OTHER IMPORTANT BILATERAL, MULTILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS
September 2026 saw India consolidate several important partnerships outside the principal country and regional-grouping categories already covered, particularly through New Zealand, Morocco, Australia and Canada. Trade, defence, maritime security and energy cooperation were prominent themes.
Key Developments in September 2026
1. India–New Zealand FTA moves towards implementation:
New Zealand's Parliament passed legislation on 16 September to give effect to the India–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement. On 21 September, India and New Zealand announced that the FTA would enter into force on 20 October 2026. The agreement provides duty-free access for 100% of Indian exports to New Zealand from entry into force and includes provisions on services, investment and professional and student mobility.
2. India–Morocco defence cooperation receives fresh impetus:
The inaugural India–Morocco Joint Defence Committee meeting was held in New Delhi on 8 September. The two sides discussed defence industrial cooperation, training, capacity building and opportunities for expanding bilateral defence engagement.
3. India–Australia maritime and defence engagement continues:
Indian Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Krishna Swaminathan visited Australia from 9 September as part of an official visit aimed at strengthening cooperation with the Royal Australian Navy. Discussions covered maritime capabilities, interoperability, information sharing, training, emerging technologies and professional exchanges. This represents a September implementation-level development following the major India–Australia agreements reached in July.
4. India–Canada energy cooperation gains attention:
During the G20 Energy Abundance Ministerial Meeting in Houston on 15 September, Union Minister Manohar Lal held discussions with Canada's Parliamentary Secretary for Energy and Natural Resources on energy efficiency, low-emission technologies and offshore exploration. India also encouraged Canadian participation in India's expanding exploration and production sector and cooperation in emerging energy technologies.
5. India also joined a G20 “Call to Action” on secure digital infrastructure and 6G at the G20 Innovation Ministerial in the US on 1–2 September. This involved India alongside countries including the UK, Japan, South Korea, France, Germany, Canada and the US.
Overall Situation
September's additional bilateral diplomacy was characterised by economic integration, defence partnerships and energy cooperation. The India–New Zealand FTA was the most concrete economic development, while the Morocco defence dialogue broadened India's defence partnerships beyond its traditional strategic partners.
Bottom line: September 2026 witnessed further diversification of India's bilateral partnerships, with the India–New Zealand FTA moving towards implementation, alongside renewed defence cooperation with Morocco and Australia and energy cooperation with Canada.
